A graded paper stops learning in its tracks

Although I am still working through some of my thoughts on standards-based grading (I fully embrace the philosophy but how that translates to practice is another issue), one thing I feel certain about on the assessment topic is the need for more authentic, descriptive feedback and fewer "grades" or "marks" in the gradebook.

In his book, Embedded Formative Assessment, author Dylan Wiliam explains how learning is damaged when a grade is placed on a student paper. He cites research to support his explanation. And it completely makes sense to me and corresponds to what I've observed in my career as an educator.

Three groups of students were described in the study. One group received only a grade, another group received a grade and written comments, and the third group received only written comments.

Now we all know how productive it is to return a paper with a grade only. It's a terrible practice, but more common than we care to admit. Of course, the group that received only a grade performed the lowest for continued growth.

One might think the group that received a grade and comments would do as well as any, but the study found that students paid very little attention to the comments if there was a grade on the paper. Students who scored high enough to be satisfied with their score ignored the comments for obvious reasons--they were happy with their performance. But interestingly, students who scored poorly ignored the comments too but for differently reasons. They ignored the comments because they were frustrated and simply wanted to move on to the next topic.

I can remember feeling that way as a student too. "Wow, I really didn't get this. I'm going to have to kick it in gear on the next chapter," I thought to myself. And then I was ready to move on and did nothing to correct the deficiencies with what was supposed to be learned right now.

So as we are considering how to provide feedback to students, it seems most beneficial to provide many opportunities for practice with lots of descriptive feedback but no grade. This feedback can come from the teacher, from other students, or from strategies to help a student self-reflect.

If we want students to actually use feedback to continue learning, I would suggest teachers delay communicating a summative score until they feel reasonably confident the material is learned well based on evidence from practice work and from exit tickets and other formative measures.

It seems this is the best practice since research and experience indicate that when a grade goes on the paper, the learning stops in its tracks.

The 'Matthew effect' of professional learning

If you're not familiar with the Matthew effect, it's a phenomenon named for the Biblical parable of talents, a story illustrating how the "rich get richer and poor get poorer"--for lack of a better description short of rehashing the whole story.

The theory of the Matthew effect has been applied to education and the classroom in many ways. Those students who struggle to read will typically read less, and thus fall even further behind. Teachers tend to call on students who raise their hands or who they believe will have right answers, thus allowing these students greater opportunities for active engagement and learning versus their introverted classmates who are only passive participants.

But how might this theory be applied to professional learning for educators? Teachers who are leaders in their buildings tend to have more opportunities to attend conferences and trainings. These inspiring and thought provoking experiences lead to more self-directed learning. These opportunities help them become even better learners.

Some teachers don't seem to pursue any extra professional learning opportunities. These chances may not even come their way as often. Therefore, they feel less competent with the current conversation in education and are less likely to engage. In fact, I would suggest they often withdraw even further out of self-protection. The cycle continues. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.

How can all teachers be empowered to take full responsibility for their own professional learning? How can we help everyone feel safe to engage in the learning process, students and teachers?

Digital learning that doesn't measure up

We have an online curriculum delivery system like nearly every high school I know. It allows students to take courses online by completing modules and progressing through the material at a pace that works for them. We don't typically allow students to take these courses for first attempt credit. Usually, students are in these courses because they have failed a course, or have fallen behind on the path to graduation and need to catch up. In a sense, these programs allow for second chances and for the curriculum to be delivered in a different way than the first go round.

But while these courses serve a purpose as noted, I remain very concerned about this method of learning. When our students take these courses, there is very little interaction with other students in the learning process. For the most part, it's an isolated and passive experience. Students read the material, do some practice activities, and then take quizzes and tests to demonstrate what they've learned. When students take these course during summer school, they spend an entire school day sitting in front of a computer.

For administrative purposes, this type of learning is very neat and tidy and is a convenient way to provide a safety net for students who might be at risk of dropping out of school. But is this really what these students, or any students, need? I don't think this learning experience is going to serve much lasting value for the students, except for the fact that it provides a pathway for completing high school, a worthy goal that will serve them well. That accomplishment alone, even apart from the amount of actual learning, will result in better opportunities for them in their future.

Anyone have a better way at your high school?

Why don't we teach every child like they are gifted?

The curriculum in any quality gifted program emphasizes creativity, critical thinking, and social/emotional skills. These skills are believed to be very important in helping gifted students reach their potential.

Our youngest son is gifted. Actually, all of our kids are gifted in a variety of ways, but he met the criteria established to qualify for the gifted program at school. As a result of his designation in this program, he has had opportunities to do amazing projects, perform plays, attend space camp, and get extra support with social and emotional aspects of life. In his gifted classes, it always seemed content knowledge was secondary to creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving. Learning was designed to be an experience and not just a standard or objective to check off the list.

So why don't we teach every child like they are gifted? The question is especially relevant if you believe that every student is gifted, even if they are not identified as a gifted student by a test. All students have unique needs, but all have in common the need to develop creativity, critical thinking, and social/emotional skills.

What to do when you don't have enough technology in your classroom

Forward thinking educators are constantly promoting the use of technology in the classroom. There are unlimited ideas on the web for using all sorts of devices and digital platforms for learning. But what if you find yourself in a classroom that isn't equipped with the tools needed for modern learning?

Although our school has more resources than many, I still feel we are behind. We aren't able to fully implement so many of the good ideas that are out there because we just don't have the tools yet. We have a few classrooms that are much better than others, but across the board our students don't have the consistent access to technology that is needed.

pic from http://www.freephotosbank.com/1066.html

But the good news for us is that I believe we will move forward in a big way, and soon. We are committed to implementing a 1:1 program for our students. I'm not sure if it will be Chromebooks, or iPads, or PCs or Macs, but I'm confident that in the near future our students and teachers will be able to create, communicate, and collaborate consistently in a blended learning environment.

But there are many schools that don't have the vision or the resources to make that happen. If you are teaching in a classroom where you don't have the digital tools needed, you can still be an innovative teacher. Instead of focusing on what you don't have, think about how you can solve the problem to create a modern learning environment for your students.

Here are a few suggestions that might help you get what you need.
 
1. Ask for more technology. You may get told no, but it never hurts to ask. I always appreciate when teachers ask for resources, even if I sometimes have to say no, or not now. When a teacher advocates for his or her classroom, that sends a message that you are trying to create the best learning experiences possible for your students. If you don't get what you need the first time, give it some time and ask again in a different way. Keep trying.

2. Get involved with any technology planning committees in your district. If you are involved in the planning for district technology initiatives you may have influence to help bring new technologies to your school. You can make your voice heard and advocate for why these tools are important in the classroom.

3. Donorschoose.org is a great way to crowd source your classroom project. You simply create a listing for what you need for your classroom and wait for donors to choose your project to fund. The more compelling your request the better chances it gets funded.

4. Apply for other classroom grants. You might have a local foundation, or PTA, that funds classroom projects, or you might check with Best Buy or Walmart. At a previous district, one of our teachers completed a grant from Best Buy for a computer, projector, and screen.

5. Use BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) strategy. If you can't provide devices for your students, have them bring their own, if allowable under school policy. Many things can be done cross platform so it isn't necessary for everyone to have the same device.

6. Connect with students through social media, a website, or blog. Even if it's difficult to connect digitally with your students during class for lack of technology, you can still connect outside the school day. Be a digital leader in your school by using online tools to make learning visible and connect with your students and their parents.


7. Involve your students in fundraising to get what you need.  There are a million ideas for fundraising. Use your students as resources to help plan and carry out your efforts. Your class might earn those tablets sooner than you think.

8. Think about digital learning. Until you are able to acquire the tech you desperately need, you can still bring digital vocabulary and thinking into your classroom. Ask your students questions that involve using tech as a tool. How would we approach this problem or this task if we had iPads or laptops? Or, ask students to respond to a prompt by writing a Tweet on...gasp...paper. But remember it has to be less than 140 characters!

I love being an educator because...

My previous post detailed how my decision to become an educator wasn't based on the typical reasons one would expect from a passionate educator. It was great to read Jennifer Houlett's #blogchallenge post about how she always wanted to be an educator. It's awesome to see this type of enthusiasm from the beginning.

Although I came into the profession for different reasons, as I have grown personally and professionally over the years, I've developed a strong sense of purpose about the work of creating the most dynamic, empowering, and life-changing environments possible for student learning. I have grown in my passion and in my commitment to help others be successful.

When a person develops a passion and purpose for his or her work, it no longer becomes work at all. Fellow #MOedchat moderator Ted Huff made this clear in his #blogchallenge post. It is truly a privilege to be an educator and have the opportunity to work alongside forward-thinking, difference-making people every single day.

So I love being an educator because...

• It's great to be in a profession that has a legacy of changed lives and building dreams.
• We get to take risks and try new things and teach our students to be lifelong learners.
• I get to share in all the successes and celebrations of our students and school.
• I am surrounded by rock stars everyday. I am constantly amazed at the talents and contributions of students, teachers, counselors, support staff, and our entire awesome community.
• Educators care about one another and care about kids!
• It's great to have a sense of community and feel like we are all pulling in the same direction.
• Our work has significance! We are part of something BIG, much larger than ourselves.
• We get to have FUN! When students and teachers are smiling, there is more learning.
• Teachers are super heroes!
• It's challenging work! We have to be problem-solvers and find success even in impossible situations.
• Parents entrust me with their most valuable asset, their kids.

As you think about why you love being an educator, I would encourage you to watch these videos. They inspired me to think about my purpose and why my life's work is important.




Two questions that can change your life from Daniel Pink on Vimeo.

Going into education for all the wrong reasons

Like many young people, I struggled with direction about my career path during college. As I finished the general education requirements and the pressure to choose a major was mounting, I was still uncertain of what I was supposed to do. Before it was over, I considered business, law school, and even the Marine Corps, but in the end I decided on education.

And although I have no regrets about that decision, I really went into education for the wrong reasons. You see I didn't really have a passion for making a difference in the lives of students (I know that sounds really selfish, but that's the truth). I wasn't passionate about teaching and didn't long to see young learners have that "aha moment." I wasn't even really that crazy about school when I did my first tour of duty as a student for 12+ years.

So why in the world did I choose education? Where else can you make that kind of money and have three months off in the summer? Just kidding obviously. However, I did have a distant relative make comments like that to me. He did not respect educators.

The actual reason I chose to be an educator was I loved basketball. That was my passion. And as much as I loved playing basketball, it just made sense for me to want to coach basketball. So I majored in English with a minor in History with the intent to find a teaching position where I could also coach.

To be clear, there were some other reasons for my decision. My parents both valued learning and loved me, and several family members had been successful teachers. My dad would talk about teachers who made an impact on his life and that always got my attention. And, I had some teachers who really made all the difference for me, that really helped set me on a better path. One of my coaches, who I wrote about in an earlier post, was especially inspiring.

But the main reason for my decision was I loved basketball. So maybe that's not the worst reason ever to become an educator (doing is for money, prestige, or fame are definitely worse reasons). But it's also not the best. The best reason to become an educator is because it's a calling, because you feel that it's your life purpose to make an impact on the lives of students and help them be successful. That's truly the only great reason to become a teacher, because you love students and love teaching.

Now my story doesn't end there. I followed my basketball dreams, and it was a good thing. I learned a lot. And as my career story continued to unfold I began to find a passion for teaching and for creating the best learning opportunities possible for students. There really is something to be said for doing something your very best and watching as your passion follows that commitment. Over time I became a passionate educator. And I still love basketball too.